Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a computer system's architectural style for creating and using business processes, throughout their lifecycle. SOA allow exchange of data between applications and become a part of business process.
SOA is not just architecture of services seen from a technology perspective, but the policies, practices, and frameworks by which we ensure the right services are provided and consumed.
SOAs build applications out of software services. These services are basically uncoupled units of functionality, which have no calls to each other.
The SOA allow fairly large chunks of functionality and binds mutually to form ad hoc applications which are built almost entirely from existing software services.